Cairo University; Faculty of PharmacyBulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University1110-093157220191201Pharmacognostical Study of Combretum aculeatum Vent. Growing in Sudan10511310186310.21608/bfpc.2019.101863ENKamal M.HamadDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.Manal M.SabryDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.Sabah H.ElgayedDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.Abdel-RahmanEl ShabrawyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.Ahlam M.El-FishawyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20200709<strong>Aim of Study:</strong> Combretum aculeatum Vent is commonly used in traditional medicine but no published botanical characterization was available. Macro- and microscopical characters of the aerial parts (leaf, stem and bark) have been studied with the aim to find the diagnostic features, and pointed towards their identification in both entire and powdered form. <strong>Results:</strong> Proximate analysis like moisture contents (7.52 %), total ash (14.09%), water-soluble ash (0.7%), acid-insoluble ash (2.99%) and alcohol soluble extract (9.5%) were determined. Percentage yield of sequential extractive values of sample in petroleum ether (1.85%), methylene chloride (0.92%), ethyl acetate (2.2%) and n-butanol (1.66%) were also evaluated. Total phenolic content was found to be 2.47 µg GAE/mg (0.25%) and total flavonoid content 7.96 µg QE/mg (0.8%) of dried ethanolic extract. The phenolic and flavonoids profiles of the ethanolic extract were determined using HPLC. Luteolin, naringin and quercetin were the major identified flavonoids and ellagic acid and vanillic acid were the major identified phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extract, as well as its subfractions (petroleum ether, methylene chloride and ethylacetate/butanol) showed significant molluscicidal activity against the snails of Biomphalaria at dose of 1mg/ml and 1.2mg/ml and anthelmintic activity against Toxocara vitrurorum worm.Cairo University; Faculty of PharmacyBulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University1110-093157220191201Preformulation, stress stability studies and HPLC-UV method development and validation for 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves11412610186710.21608/bfpc.2019.101867ENHarith Jameel MahdiAlsammarraieDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of pharmaceutical Sciences, USM,
Malaysia.+Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Samarra, Iraq.0000-0001-7978-1265Nurzalina Abdul KarimKhanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of pharmaceutical Sciences, USM,
Malaysia.RoziahanimMahmudDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of pharmaceutical Sciences, USM, Penang,
Malaysia.Mohd ZainiBin AsmawiDepartment of Pharmacology, School of pharmaceutical Sciences, USM, Penang, Malaysia.Vikneswaran A/LMurugaiyahDepartment of Pharmacology, School of pharmaceutical Sciences, USM, Penang, Malaysia.Journal Article20200709<strong>Introduction:</strong> There is a continuous expansion in number of botanical medicinal products and increase in consumers who often use it. One of such natural source products with versatile traditional uses as treatment for variety of diseases is Moringa oleifera Lam. <strong>Objectives:</strong> After the pharmacological activity of a new drug candidate is approved, the subsequent development of this product requires substantial information about its physical and chemical properties before designing its dosage form. <strong>Methods:</strong> Organoleptic properties, physicochemical characteristics, solubility profile, swelling index, partition coefficient, analyses of thermal behaviour, stress stability, heavy metals and microbial limit tests were performed in preformulation studies of 95 % ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves. <strong>Results: </strong>The results of preformulation studies illustrated several characteristic properties that should be consider during formulation of Moringa extract. In addition to that, a HPLC-UV method for simultaneous detection and quantification of three reference markers was developed and validated. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa leaf is relevant to the development of phytomedicines, dietary supplements or cosmetics. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first preformulation study which aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf.Cairo University; Faculty of PharmacyBulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University1110-093157220191201Diabetic Nephropathy: Review of Novel Experimental and Clinical Strategies12713610186910.21608/bfpc.2019.101869ENAmal M.MahfozDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for
Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.+Department of Developmental Pharmacology, National
Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.Nahed M.HassaneinDepartment of Developmental Pharmacology, National
Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.Afaf A.ShokaFaculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Cairo, Egypt.Hekma A.Abd El- LatifDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for
Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.+Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200709<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is considered a severe disorder which affects health worldwide. New more active treatment options are required. Despite a large number of drugs already being available for treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetes, current oral antidiabetic agents often do not provide adequate glycemic control. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers are novel agents to slow the progression of DN. <strong>Method:</strong> The present review provides an overview of recent studies on DN management, especially the use RAAS blockers and their antidiabetic effects. References were mainly identified through PubMed search until December 2016 and backtracking of references in pertinent studies. <strong>Results:</strong> This review reporting the novel mechanisms and benefits of targeting the RAAS by the use of ACEIs; ARB or direct renin inhibitors in glucose lowering, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and kidney protection. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These drugs targeting the RAAS can be used as monotherapy or in combination therapy in hypertensive-diabetic patients to protect them from DN.Cairo University; Faculty of PharmacyBulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University1110-093157220191201Effect of Food/Beverage and Selected Drugs on the Oral Absorption of Artemether-Lumefantrine Tablet: an in situ and in vivo Study13714710187210.21608/bfpc.2019.101872ENSunday O.AwofisayoDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of
Uyo, Nigeria.Matthew I.ArhewohDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.Augustine O.OkhamafeDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.Journal Article20200709<strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims at assessing the effect of some meals/beverage and selected drugs on oral absorption of artemether (ATM) and lumefantrine (LMF). <strong>Methods: </strong>In the in situ model, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) tablets were crushed and administered to anesthetized rabbits (n=2) via oral cannula either alone (CTR1) or with food components/beverage [i.e., starch (STC), albumin (ALB), sunflower oil (SFO) or carbonated drinks (CBS)] or drugs [i.e., lamivudine (LMV) or metronidazole (MTN)]. Blood samples were taken from cannulated carotid artery post dose administration. In the in vivo model, forty two healthy human subjects (28 male and 14 female) in groups of six persons received AL tablet alone (CRT2) or “eba” (cassava starch) with melon soup (EMS) or corn pap with milk and “akara” (fried beans cake) (PMA) or fruits (FTS) or CBS or drugs (i.e., LMV or MTN). ATM and LMF plasma concentrations were obtained simultaneously from plasma using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. <strong>Results: </strong>There was significant reduction in ATM Ka due to STC, ALB, CBS, MTN and LMV (Ka ≤ 1.371 h<sup>-1</sup>) compared with CRT1 (3.567 h<sup>-1</sup>), <em>p</em> < 0.05). LMV and MTN also reduced the Ka and AUC of ATM and LMF, <em>p</em> < 0.05. Similarly, in vivo study showed significantly lower ATM AUC and Ka values for EMS (0.775 µghmL<sup>-1</sup> and 0.041 h<sup>-1</sup>) and CBS (0.248 µghmL<sup>-1</sup> and 4.155 h<sup>-1</sup>) compared with the CRT2 (6.090 µghmL<sup>-1</sup> and 0.362 h<sup>-1</sup>). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>EMS or CBS resulted in significant reduction in the bioavailability of ATM and LMF and can influence the treatment outcomes.Cairo University; Faculty of PharmacyBulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University1110-093157220191201Snake venom, bee venom and their components exert an anti-cancer effect by triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer14815610187510.21608/bfpc.2019.101875ENMona I.ElrefayAfrican network for development and innovation center of excellence in antivenom research,
VACSERA, Cairo, Egypt.Abir A.ElfikyAfrican network for development and innovation center of excellence in antivenom research,
VACSERA, Cairo, Egypt.Rabab H.SayedDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo,
Egypt.Hala F.ZakiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo,
Egypt.Journal Article20200709<strong>Background: </strong>Snake venom (SV), bee venom (BV) and their bioactive components are unique sources for cancer therapy development. The present study evaluated the anticancer potential of SV, BV and their major components (SV phospholipase A2 (svPLA2), melittin (MEL) and BV phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2)) against human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3). <strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cytotoxicity was conducted using MTT biochemical assay. Genotoxicity was performed using real tine PCR for detection of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes as well as the biomarker genes for prostate cancer. Cell arrest accumulation was highlighted using flowcytometry. <strong>Results:</strong> MTT assay showed that treatment with SV and BV and their major components resulted in cellular morphological changes and significant cytotoxic effects in PC3. Furthermore, our results indicate that the svPLA2 gives much lower cytotoxic effect than the crude SV in PC3 cells in the highest tested concentration of 100 μg/ml. On the other hand, the major components of BV (bvPLA2 and MEL) showed more potent efficacy on PC3 cells than the crude BV. Interestingly, we showed that SV, svPLA2, BV, bvPLA2 and MEL suppressed the mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, while increased the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Moreover, they decreased the overexpressed prostate tumor marker genes. The cell cycle analysis showed that SV and svPLA2 arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, while BV, bvPLA2 and MEL arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our work demonstrated that SV, BV and their major components inhibit prostate cancer possibly via triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.Cairo University; Faculty of PharmacyBulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University1110-093157220191201Development and validation of stability indicating rp-uplc assay method for the determination of lacosamide and quetiapine fumarate in bulk and tablet dosage forms15716610187810.21608/bfpc.2019.101878ENTeneSivaganeshDepartment of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam,
Visakhapatnam District, 530003, India.+Department of Analytical chemistry, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, Pydibhimavaram, Srikakulam
District, 532409, India.T. SivaRaoDepartment of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam,
Visakhapatnam District, 530003, India.K.RamasrinivasDepartment of Analytical chemistry, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, Pydibhimavaram, Srikakulam
District, 532409, India.U.SeshamRajuDepartment of Analytical chemistry, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, Pydibhimavaram, Srikakulam
District, 532409, India.Y. M.ShasikiranDepartment of Analytical chemistry, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, Pydibhimavaram, Srikakulam
District, 532409, India.G.RajaDepartment of Analytical chemistry, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, Pydibhimavaram, Srikakulam
District, 532409, India.Journal Article20200709Validation of stability indicating RP-UPLC assay method for the determination of Lacosamide and Quetiapine fumarate in pharmaceutical products. This method has showed a high degree performance in separation and quantification of Lacosamide and Quetiapine even in the presence of its impurities. The separation was quite efficient on waters acquity BEH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) having used the phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 75:25 v/v with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The detection was carried out at 210 nm and the elution run time was 5.0 min. The method was linear and found to be in the range between 0.0149 μg/mL-74.71μg/mL (r2=0.9999) and 0.0148 μg/mL-74.67 μg/mL (r2=0.9999) for Lacosamide and Quetiapine respectively. The limit of detection 0.0149μg/mL, 0.0148μg/mL and quantification 0.031 μg/mL, 0.030 μg/mL for Lacosamide and Quetiapine were determined respectively. The precision result of the method ‘% RSD’ is less than 0.70 % and the recovery % of Lacosamide, Quetiapine is between 99.1 and 99.9. When the drug is subjected to different stress conditions, the consequential degradation products obtained could not interfere with Lacosamide and Quetiapine during the determination.